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The Influence of State Level Variation in Maternity Leave Policies on U.S. Mothers’ Labor Force Participation

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_projects/r207tr04n

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  • The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 guarantees mothers twelve weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave to care for and bond with a newborn child, however, upon implementation only 45 percent of workers were covered by this law due to strict eligibility requirements and the proportion of eligible workers is likely declining. Several states’ laws expand access to FMLA leave by reducing job tenure and employer size eligibility requirements. Other states provide more generous leave benefits by providing longer leave durations or by providing paid leave. Using national level data, this study examines the influence of variation in state maternity leave policies on mothers’ labor force participation following first childbirth. Results from a negative binomial regression show that the provision of unpaid, job-protected leave greater than twelve weeks was a marginally significant predictor of spending fewer years out of the workforce following childbirth. Further, results from a logistic regression reveal that expanding access to job-protected leave was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of mothers quitting their jobs within twelve weeks of their first childbirth. These findings decrease the uncertainty about the effects of such legislation on mothers’ labor force participation, but do not resolve the ambiguity surrounding the goals of maternity leave policy. However, policy makers working to address competing demands on mothers’ time between employment and domestic responsibilities should consider adopting policies that expand access to maternity leave to women working at businesses with fewer than fifty employees.
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file details Clark_MPP_Essay.pdf 2017-07-25 Público Baixar