Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Role of alloying on the thermal stability of duplex stainless steel

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  • Duplex stainless steels (DSS) are an attractive potential material in nuclear power generation systems due to an excellent combination of corrosion resistance, strength, toughness, and affordability. Thermal embrittlement caused by phase instability in the temperature range of ~300-550°C severely limits the service temperature of DSS. The rate of embrittlement varies markedly among commercial alloys. Specifically, alloys with high concentrations of Cr, Ni, and Mo are thought to demonstrate an enhanced rate of thermal embrittlement. The present study investigates a set of standard and lean grade wrought (2003, 2101, and 2205) and weld (2209-w and 2101-w) alloys in order to better understand how alloying elements affect thermal embrittlement. Samples were aged at 427°C for up to 10,000 hours, and the embrittlement was assessed via nanoindentation testing. Furthermore, the phase transformations were characterized with atom probe tomography. The results show that there are apparent compositional factors that greatly influence both the phase instability and the resulting embrittlement. The lean grade alloys demonstrated less hardening and embrittlement compared to the standard grade alloys. The reduced concentration of Mo and Ni in the lean grade alloys was found to be the most likely explanation for the reduced mechanical degradation.
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