Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Stimulation of bluegrass seed germination by soaking and drying treatments

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  • The objective of this study was to develop a soaking and drying procedure to stimulate faster germination of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) seed. The seeds were soaked in cheesecloth bags in nine chemical solutions. The effects of temperature and time of soaking and of aeration of the solution were studied. The most beneficial results were obtained when the seeds were soaked at 5°C for 6 days in an aerated KNO₃ solution. Following the soaking period, the seeds were air-dried for 24 hours at room temperature to return them to a moisture content of approximately 10%. The effects of presoaking were evaluated in terms of speed of germination, percent germination, maximum and minimum germination temperatures, alternating temperature requirements, drought resistance, soil emergence and storability. Soaking in a complete nutrient solution, 200 ppm GA₃ and 2.3 ppm benzyl adenine also gave better results than unsoaked controls. Succinic acid, thiourea, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite and water had no stimulating effects. Shorter and longer soaking periods and temperatures of 20° and 5-25°C were less beneficial. Presoaked seeds started to germinate 1 to 2 days earlier, reached the peak of germination 2 to 3 days earlier and frequently had a higher germination percentage than the control. Presoaking allowed the seeds to germinate at a minimum temperature 3°C below and a maximum temperature 4°C above that of the control. The requirement for alternating temperatures was also reduced. The beneficial effects of the treatments were more obvious under a stress germination temperature of 25° C than at the more optimum 15-25°C. The ability to germinate under moisture stress conditions was improved by presoaking. The relative advantage in favor of the presoaked seeds increased as the osmotic pressure of the germination media increased. Even though the difference was not statistically significant, presoaked seeds emerged faster and had higher percent germination 20 days after planting in greenhouse soil. When soil was used as the germination media, seeds presoaked in water performed better than seeds presoaked in KNO₃. Cultivars responded differently to the treatments. Merion, the cultivar which was hardest to germinate in the laboratory, was not affected by the treatments. Less dormant cultivars such as Cougar, Park and Newport were stimulated more than the more dormant Pennstar, Fylking and Windsor. A germination test conducted after 4 months of storage indicated that the beneficial effects of the treatments were irreversible. Viability of the treated seeds was retained after 7 months of storage at room temperature. Presoaking increased the germination speed to a greater degree than the after-ripening which took place during 7 months of storage at room temperature. Humid storage accelerated germination but dry storage at 40°C did not.
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