Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Dietary compostion and nutritional status of sheep and goats grazing two rangeland types in Baluchistan, Pakistan

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  • The main objective of this research was to assess the nutritional status of sheep and goats grazing two rangeland types in Baluchistan, Pakistan. These types were Artemisia maritima/Haloxylon griffithii association represented by the Zarchi Field Station and Cymbopogon shoenanthus, found at the Tomagh Field Station. Seasonal above ground biomass production and variability in the quality of major plant species was determined at four phenological growth stages for two years. At the same time a relative palatability index of major plant species and preference of sheep and goats was also determined. The Analysis of Variance procedures (ANOVA) of Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 1985) were used to evaluate various null hypotheses. Forage quality decreased with the advancement of phenological growth stages in all plants studied. On both study sites (Tomagh and Zarchi), spring forage samples were of higher quality than those of other seasons. Advance in season brought significant changes in the nutrient content of plant species. Grasses were lower in crude protein concentration and higher in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content than forbs and shrubs. Plant species were not statistically different in phosphorus concentration. From March through October, sheep and goat diets varied in their botanical composition on both study sites. Grasses remained a major component of animal diets at Tomagh throughout the grazing seasons. However, sheep and goats consumed a higher percentage of shrubs with the passage of time while grazing Zarchi area. Across all the grazing seasons, the diets of both animal species were deficient in protein and phosphorus. The lignin ratio technique was evaluated for its use in determining daily dry matter and apparent nutrient digestibility consumed by grazing animals. Highly variable digestion co-efficients of lignin (both positive and negative) were obtained by using sheep and goat rumen liquors. As much as 51.0% of forage lignin in samples was digested. Negative lignin digestion co-efficients were also obtained from forage samples. These ranged from -1.0% to - 103.0%. Lignin biodegradation and/or complexing during in vitro digestion invalidated its use as an internal marker in digestion studies on these rangelands.
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  • File scanned at 300 ppi (Monochrome, 256 Grayscale) using Capture Perfect 3.0 on a Canon DR-9050C in PDF format. CVista PdfCompressor 4.0 was used for pdf compression and textual OCR.
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