Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Impact of Armillaria and annosus root diseases on stand and canopy structure, species diversity, and down woody material in a central Oregon mixed-conifer forest

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  • White and grand fir are both valuable components of the mixed-conifer stand structure managed for late-successional reserves in central Oregon. However, they are often short-lived species because of high susceptibility to root diseases, defoliating insects, bark beetles, and wildfire. This study focuses on the effects of root diseases caused by Heterobasidion annosum and Armillaria spp. on the stand and canopy structure, understory forb and shrub species diversity, and fuel loadings (coarse woody material) in high elevation late-successional reserves 10 years after a severe western spruce budworm outbreak. The study is based on plots established in the late 1990s for the White Fir Administrative Study on the Sisters Ranger District, Deschutes National Forest. Field data were collected during the summer of 2001 on 25 quarter-ha plots with varying levels of root disease. Data analyses were done using regression techniques. There was a significant positive relationship between the amount of root disease (as measured by infected basal area) and the mortality of white fir and Douglas-fir. The large (>60 cm dbh) Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine component significantly increased in density in highly infected areas. There was a strong positive relationship between fuel loadings (coarse woody material) and the amount of root disease. There was a significant negative relationship between amounts of canopy cover and root disease; however, this was varied by canopy layer. The level of root disease was positively correlated with elevation. This could potentially arise because of the increase in available moisture and a subsequent increase in white fir with increased elevation. An elevation gradient also directly influenced the shrub and herbaceous species composition. However, the relationship between understory species composition and root disease was not clear. Two species of Armillaria, A. ostoyae and A. gallica, were found in the study area. This is the first documentation ofA. gallica in central Oregon and is also the first documentation of this species on white fir in Oregon.
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