Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Pressure trunk injections of potassium as a possible short term corrective measure for potassium deficiency in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and prune (Prunus domestica L.)

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  • The effect of pressure trunk injections of K₂HPO₄, and K₂SO₄. solutions on the mineral content, growth, yield and fruit quality of sweet cherry and mineral content of prune were investigated. A complimentary study presented in Appendix 1, was conducted to evaluate the short term effectiveness of K soil amendments, mulching and foliar K sprays for correcting K deficiency in sweet cherry and prune trees. Potassium solutions were injected into sweet cherry trees at an average rate of 0.4 liter/min and into prune trees at an average rate of 0.06-0.08 liter/min using a pressure of 3.5-3.9 kg/cm². Fall trunk injections of 200 g K in K₂SO₄, solution or up to 300 g K in K₂HPO₄ solution had no effect on sweet cherry midshoot leaf K the following August. Fall prune tree injections of up to 50 g K in K₂HPO₄, solution had no effect on midshoot leaf K the following August. One year, fall K₂HPO₄, (200 g K, 79.2 g P) injections of sweet cherry trees significantly increased the K content of spur tissues and the P content of buds in March and increased the P content of midshoot leaves in August. Fruit set was significantly lower on sweet cherry trees injected with 200 g K (K₂SO₄) and 300 g K (K₂HPO₄). Yield was significantly lower for all injection treatments but fruit quality was not affected. Spring trunk injections of 12.5 g K in K₂SO₄ or K₂HPO₄ solution increased prune leaf K within four days and K levels remained higher than controls for at least 22 days with K₂SO₄. Leaf P was increased within four days by K₂HPO₄, injections and remained higher than controls in August. Spring applications of 11.36 kg K₂SO₄, per tree by banding, placing in augered holes in the soil or injection into the soil had no effect on sweet cherry trees within two years but did significantly increase August midshoot leaf K in prune trees within one growing season. A heavy compost mulch applied in the fall increased August leaf K, N and fruit size on sweet cherry trees and August leaf K, N, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and B on prune trees within one growing season. Prune tree, shoot growth and yield were increased by compost mulch applications the second growing season. Trenches with backfill amendments of K₂SO₄, dolomite lime or a combination of the two had no effect on leaf K of sweet cherry trees within two growing seasons. Fruit size was reduced by all trenching treatments except trenching with K₂SO₄. Trenching with K₂SO₄ and K₂SO₄, plus lime increased August midshoot leaf K on prune trees to 2.06 and 1.94% respectfully within one growing season and trenching with lime only increased August leaf K the second season to 1.37%. One percent K solutions of KN0₃ and K₂SO₄ sprayed on trees four times during the growing season did not affect leaf K levels, of sweet cherry trees but did significantly increase August leaf K levels of prune trees.
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