Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Frequency and phase response of a resonantly-coupled alpha Stirling cooler

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  • A resonantly-coupled α-Stirling (RCAS) cooler was designed and constructed. Tests on air and helium were performed with constant driving displacement over a range of frequencies. The effects of changing driving amplitude and charged pressure were studied. The use of stainless steel bellows in place of pistons eliminated the problem of piston seals and relaxed the construction tolerances. The fatigue life of the bellow is, however, a problem. The experimental optimization based on Taguchi methods was performed on regenerator mass, regenerator wire diameter, vibrating mass, and damping coefficient. Driven by a voice coil actuator, the characteristic phase shift of the Stirling cycle cooler was demonstrated where the hot-end displacement led the cold-end displacement. The 90° phase shift was selected as the natural frequency. The pressure-volume diagrams for each working space were plotted and the indicated powers were determined. The compression powers in the hot and cold-ends show maximum values near the natural frequency. The mechanisms are different. At the hot-end where the displacement was kept constant, operation near the natural frequency gave a maximum pressure ratio and also maximized the compression power. The phase shifts in the cold-end were, however, relatively constant. The maximum pressure ratio and amplitude gave the maximum expansion power near the natural frequency. The expansion powers in the cold-end as indicators of cooling potential were approximately 2-4 watts for the air case, and 3-7 watts for the helium case. In both air and helium tests, the value of the parasitic losses reached 12 watts. The temperature difference developed across the regenerator is considered an indication of the cooling capacity. Good correlations were found between the indicated cooling capacity in the expansion space and the temperature difference. For a given size of cooler, the use of helium offered higher cooling capacity due to smaller pressure drop loss and smaller amplitude ratio. Higher cooling performance was also attained from helium at elevated pressures.
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