Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Topometric Analysis for High-throughput Phenotyping of Seed Shattering in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/1n79hc294

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  • Seed shattering is a constraint to improvement of seed yield in Lolium perenne L. and as a result, seed retention is an essential trait for this valuable crop. Field studies were conducted near Corvallis, OR in two years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) to identify genetic variation for seed retention and to ascertain whether there was variation for phenotypic traits that may contribute to seed loss due to shattering. The trial examined these trait variations in 40 diverse global accessions and genotypic lines within accessions. Plant mortality was high as only 21 of the 40 accessions survived in sufficient numbers for analysis. The accessions and genotypic lines exhibited great variation in growth habit, spikelets per spike, seeds per spike, seed weight, spike length, and seed retention. Seed retention among accessions ranged from 27.1% to 78.7% with a commercial cultivar at 42.4% retention. This study found that some accessions have greater seed retention potential than what is found in commercial cultivars of perennial ryegrass. These accessions could be used for breeding shatter-resistant cultivars. Advances in technology have increased the adoption of high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) methodologies. They have been replacing laborious and time-consuming measurements and data recording. 2-D photogrammetric and 3-D topometric imaging methods for HTP of spike characteristics in perennial ryegrass with special attention to traits that might be associated with seed retention were developed. These HTP imaging systems were compared with direct data capture by hand. The Fiji (ImageJ) open source imaging software was used for photogrammetric analysis. The optical sensor Artec Space Spider 3-D scanner (Artec 3-D, L-1466, Luxembourg) was used to generate dense 3-D point clouds to measure multiple traits. Both methods were found to accurately characterize the subject. The 3-D method was slower than 2-D but was more (P ≤ 0.01) precise than 2-D image analysis with a linear measurement deviation of only 0.17%. Fiji can be effectively used for post-processing image analysis and the Artec Space Spider can be used directly in the field to support HTP data collection. Accessions were grouped according to level of seed retention. The physiological traits examined were growth habit, spike length, curvature of the spike, spikelets per spike, spikelet length, internode length between spikelets, angle of spikelet insertion into the rachis, seeds per spike, and seed weight. Three were found to be significantly (P ≤ 0.05) related to seed retention: seed weight, spike length, and internode length between spikelets. Seed retention was highest in accessions with short spikes, but accessions with high seed retention had lower mean seed weight than the commercial plant materials. Accession 231620 had both high levels of seed retention needed for use in improvement efforts and seed weight that was acceptable in the marketplace. The 2-D and 3-D imaging methods used in this study have applicability in measurement of other plant morphological traits and across a broad range of plant species.
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