Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation

 

Metabolic Effects in C57B/6J Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet Supplemented With Walnuts, Raspberries and Other Whole Foods Öffentlichkeit Deposited

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/2r36v1032

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  • Health benefits obtained from consumption of fruits and vegetables have the potential to improve the lifestyle of individuals. The walnut is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich whole food that is readily available in the U.S and has been shown to potentially reduce risk of Metabolic Syndrome. Furthermore, consumption of polyphenol rich plant-based foods have also been shown to be negatively correlated with the risk of the development of chronic diseases. In Study 1 we tested the hypothesis that addition of walnut and polyphenol-rich foods to a high-fat obesogenic diet (HF) would improve metabolism in male C57BL/6J mice. Mice were provided HF supplemented with walnut (W), or W diet supplemented with blueberry (W+BB), raspberry (W+RB), apple (W+AP), cranberry (W+CB), cherry (W+CH), broccoli (W+BR) and green tea (GT) for 9 weeks. Animals were fed experimental diets ad libitum; body weight, glucose tolerance, liver lipid accumulation, and expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and inflammation were measured. Glucose tolerance was significantly lower in W+RB when compared to HF, meanwhile W+AP showed an intermediate value between W+RB and HF. A custom-designed focused gene array was used to evaluate expression of 87 different mRNAs. A subset of six groups were evaluated: LF, HF, W, W+RB, W+CH, and W+GT. Finally, a biochemical evaluation of 594 different metabolites was conducted and examined by principle component analysis (PCA). In Study 2 mice were fed experimental diets for ten weeks. Diets were formulated to include a typical dietary level of whole raspberry food products: HF+ raspberry juice concentrate (RJC), HF+ raspberry puree concentrate (RPC), HF+ raspberry fruit powder (RFP), and HF+ raspberry seed extract (RSE). Body weight, glucose tolerance, liver lipid accumulation, and expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and inflammation were observed. Addition of raspberry food products to high-fat diet reduced body weight gain significantly, particularly for raspberry juice and puree concentrates. Serum insulin and resistin levels were measured and suggest intake of raspberry products and phytochemicals improve glucose control. A histological evaluation of liver tissue indicates a profound increase in liver lipid content in all high-fat fed mice. However, intake of raspberry puree concentrate appeared to reduce liver lipid levels compared to other groups fed high-fat diets. A custom-designed focused gene array was used to evaluate expression of 87 different mRNAs related to hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, nuclear hormone reception action, and other cell signaling pathways We demonstrated that intake of walnut, alone, or in combination with a polyphenol-rich food, and consumption of raspberry and raspberry products, may have significant effects on physiological parameters related to metabolic syndrome and changes in hepatic gene expression levels consistent with an improved metabolic state.
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