Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Laboratory methods for wheat variety identification

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/2z10wt05x

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  • There is an increasing need for development of laboratory identification procedures for purposes of plant variety protection, seed certification, quality control and consumer protection. In the past there were fewer commercial varieties and field testing methods based on morphological differences were used satisfactorily. These tests require several months to complete and are subsequently of limited practical use. With the large number of current varieties, visual differences are much smaller and the task of identification is increasingly difficult. This study was initiated to investigate various morphological, chemical and biochemical characteristics of 25 varieties grown in the Pacific Northwest. The five tests described in this study provide the basis for a laboratory identification system for these varieties. The coleoptile color test was of limited value for these varieties, since only Golden exhibited a purple coleoptile while the remaining varieties were green. The seedling pubescence test separated the varieties into two groups: slightly pubescent and pubescent. However, the variation of the pubescence density caused by environmental conditions limits its practical use. The phenol test separated the varieties into three distinct groups: Light Brown, Brown, and Mixed. Four varieties, Barbee, Daws, Druchamp, and Luke, exhibited a mixed phenol reaction. This mixture was characteristic of these varieties since they were uniform for the other characters. Esterase, catalase, acid phosphatase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase were not useful for separating the varieties since all of them developed similar banding patterns for each enzyme. Peroxidase electrophoresis separated the varieties into two distinct groups on the basis of the presence or absence of a single band. Gliadin electrophoresis was the most discriminating test, distinguishing all the varieties except for those genetically closely related. These included varieties within three variety groups: Gaines and Nugaines; Fielder and Fieldwin; and Hyslop, Hill, McDermid, and Stephens. The phenol test provided a useful separation of the group of four varieties which were uniform for gliadins. Hill and Hyslop developed a brown phenol stain while McDermid and Stephens exhibited a light brown stain. Further identification might be possible by other means, such as pathogen resistance, isoelectric focusing and other chemical tests. In practice, unknown samples should be compared to authentic, standard samples for final identification.
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