Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

The comparative histochemistry of the decapod antennal gland--esterases, phosphatases and glycogen

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  • The distributions of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, non-specific esterases, and glycogen were described for the antennal glands of the freshwater crayfish, Pacifastacus, and the marine crabs Cancer and Pugettia. Alkaline phosphatase is confined primarily to the luminal edge of the labyrinth in all of the above forms whereas acid phosphatase occurs in the coelomosac of Pacifastacus and Pugettia, and in the labyrinth and bladder of all three forms. In Pacifastacus the protein, horseradish peroxidase, injected into the hemocoel was subsequently localized in the phagocytic, acid phosphatase containing cells of the coelomosac. Both acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase are localized at the luminal border of the labyrinth of the crayfish. This activity may represent a single enzyme which is still active at both an alkaline and acid pH. A sexual dimorphism was observed in the labyrinth of Pacifastacus. A very intense reaction for non-specific esterases sensitive to 10⁻⁵M E 600 and insensitive to 10⁻⁵M eserine typified the reaction in the male. The comparable reaction in the female was much weaker and more diffuse. The technique of gel electrophoresis was used to characterize the dimorphism in the crayfish as well as those esterases in the marine forms. The sexual dimorphism was observed in the antennal glands of juvenile crayfish but was not present in the heart or hemolymph. Eserine and E 600 sensitive esterases were observed in all remaining areas of the antennal glands of Pacifastacus, the coelomosac, labyrinth, and bladder of Pugettia, and labyrinth and bladder of Cancer. Glycogen is localized primarily in the coelomosac and bladder of Pacifastacus and in the bladders of the marine forms. It was concluded that the labyrinth of the crayfish may be the site of a sex related function, involving the metabolism and excretion of a metabolite or hormone inherent in the physiology of the male. It seems feasible that glycogen stored in the proximal portions of the antennal gland constitutes an energy source for these and other functions since glycogen can be released into the lumen of the gland and reclaimed later in a more distal area. No definite correlation could be established between the habitat and histochemistry of the antennal gland of the decapods from divergent environments.
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