Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Virulence characteristics of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, fry

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  • Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is an acute, contagious disease of trout fry and fingerlings caused by viruses of the family birnaviridae. IPN disease usually results in mortality that is inversely proportional to the age of the fish. While many studies have been carried out to increase our understanding of IPN, little is known about its virulence characteristics for some subtypes common to the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Knowledge of relationships between IPN virus subtypes, epitope patterns and virulence patterns could be useful for developing a successful IPNV vaccine. This study investigated virulence characteristics of IPN viruses in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, fry, using fish mortality, virus titer in fish tissue, and the presence of clinical signs of IPN as indicators of virulence. The relationship between virulence and different IPN virus subtypes, and specific epitopes, or monoclonal antibody binding sites, was also addressed. An additional study focused on determining whether brook trout survivors of an epizootic of IPN caused by one subtype of IPN virus are susceptible to infection and disease caused by a different IPN virus subtype. Increased levels of mortality in brook trout fry were significantly related to increased virus levels in mortalities and the presence of clinical signs of IPN. In 12-15 week-old brook trout, subtypes Buhl and VR-299 were associated with a significantly higher level offish mortality than the level observed in control fish. In 16-20 week-old brook trout, only IPNV subtype Buhl was associated with a significantly higher mortality level than observed in control fish. Three epitopes out of the eleven defined by monoclonal antibodies on the IPN virus were found to be significantly related to mortality in 12-15 week old brook trout, while six epitopes were found to be significantly related to mortality in 16-20 week-old brook trout. Brook trout survivors of exposure to avirulent or low virulence IPN virus were not protected against infection and IPN disease when exposed to highly virulent IPN virus. Brook trout survivors of exposure to highly virulent IPN virus appeared to be protected against infection and IPN disease when exposed to highly virulent IPN virus.
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