Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation

 

A comparison of two smoking cessation techniques conducted in an occupational setting Público Deposited

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/4b29b9456

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  • The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of two smoking cessation programs -- one group and one self-help -- which were developed and are currently employed by the American Cancer Society. The research was conducted in a work setting, and all subjects were employees of the State of California's Resource Agency who expressed a desire for assistance in giving up cigarette smoking. Through a randomizing process, 218 subjects were assigned to either a Group Treatment, a Self-help Treatment, or a nontreated Control. The research was divided into two parts: (1) an experimental component which compared the effects of two smoking cessation techniques, and (2) a descriptive component which sought to identify correlates of change in smoking behavior from a preselected list of personal and demographic characteristics. Within the experimental component, the following null hypotheses were tested: 1. There will be no significant difference in mean smoking behavior among smokers assigned to Group Treatment, Self-help Treatment, and smokers assigned to a Control. 2. There will be no significant difference in mean smoking behavior between smokers assigned to Group Treatment and smokers assigned to Self-help Treatment. Analysis of variance was used to examine treatment effectiveness. A four-month follow-up revealed that all subjects receiving treatment demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in smoking activity than subjects assigned to a nontreated Control (p < .01, F = 22.17). Of the two treatments, subjects assigned to the Group Treatment exhibited a greater reduction in smoking activity than subjects assigned to the Self-help Treatment (p < .01, F = 10.75). With regard to 100 percent abstinence, the Group Treatment demonstrated clear superiority (40 percent) over the Self-help Treatment (18 percent) and the Control (5 percent) when measured at the four-month follow-up. In the descriptive portion of the research, eight variables were identified as correlates of change in smoking behavior. The strongest correlation was demonstrated by the baseline variable at both the one-month (r = .68) and four-month (r = .64) follow-up measurements. Smokers who reported more ease in "picturing themselves as nonsmokers" or reported more confidence "that they would not be smoking five years hence" did significantly better at both the one-month and four-month measurements. In general, smokers did better who reported more "stop-smoking willpower," more "confidence about stopping," or perceived an "improved health status from quitting." Contrary to previous research, there was no significant difference in smoking behavior between sexes. The study demonstrates the practicality of conducting a smoking cessation program in a work environment. However, improved treatment methodologies and long-term maintenance of nonsmoking behavior are cited as specific areas in need of further research.
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