Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Effects of copper on survival and the immune response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

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  • Vaccination with Vibrio anguillarum by oral administration during copper exposure and intraperitoneal injection prior to copper exposure was employed to investigate the effects of copper upon survival and the immune response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Following copper exposure the survivors were challenged under natural conditions to V. anguillarum, the causative agent of vibriosis in fish. Copper concentrations of 18.1 μg /liter and higher caused significant mortality among coho fry during 30 days of exposure. The exposure of copper bioassay survivors to a natural challenge against V. anguillarum in seawater caused significant mortality among those fish from concentrations of copper at 13. 9 μg /liter and higher. The reduced number of dead fish positive for V. anguillarum from the challenge suggests that sublethal copper stress and difficulty with seawater adaptation may have caused several deaths. Significant mortality occurred among coho fingerlings exposed to 24.6 μg /liter copper and higher for 31 days. Most of the survivors of these concentrations were unable to adapt to seawater and died within the first three days of challenge. Significant mortality also occurred during adaptation of survivors from 18.2 μg/liter copper where the mean mortality resulting from 31 days exposure was only 2%. The antibody level against V. anguillarum, measured by agglutinin titer, was significantly reduced in fish exposed to this concentration of copper when compared to that developed in control animals.
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file details StevensDonaldG1977.pdf 2017-08-10 Pubblico Scaricare