Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

The design and evaluation of three "stream simulation" culverts in south central Oregon

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  • Three culverts, judged to be fish barriers, were replaced with "stream simulation" culverts on the Fremont National Forest of south central Oregon. The culvert sites are located in the Fort Rock Basin in streams that are home to resident Great Basin redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Great Basin redband trout is the common name for the native trout in the Great Basin and is informally recognized as O.m. newberrii. The design process is discussed and documented for the three culvert replacements. The fish passage conditions in the new culverts were compared to the old culverts both quantitatively and qualitatively. One assumption with stream simulation culverts is that fish will be able to move through a culvert if the flow conditions are similar to that of the natural channel. Velocity measurements and channel characteristics were compared between the natural stream and the culvert. The comparisons were used to define whether similarity was achieved between the culvert and the natural stream. Velocity and channel characteristic measurements were taken during one discharge condition of spring snowmelt, the migration period for spawning redband trout. The comparisons were further examined to determine which would be appropriate metrics in the determination of success or failure of the installation. Channel stability was quantified at each culvert through three systems of channel stability measurements. Regional design guidelines were found to lack information regarding the invert elevation placement for designing a stream simulation culvert. Invert placement is likely to be critical in terms of permanence of placed streambed material in a culvert. There was a qualitative and quantitative improvement of flow conditions at the replacement culverts over the old culverts. All new culverts satisfied the regulatory criteria for fish passage. Two of the three culverts appeared to be similar to the natural stream when comparing similar habitat unit types. The comparisons at the third culvert site were statistically different from the natural stream. The differences may be attributed to the narrow low flow channel that existed through the culvert. Longitudinal thalweg velocity, cross-sectional velocity, and thalweg velocity distribution comparisons between the culvert and the natural stream appear to be appropriate metrics in the determination of success or failure of stream simulation culverts. Streambed material in the culverts exhibited limited evidence of movement after a minimal spring snowrnelt discharge. Stability of streambed material in the culverts at higher discharges was not tested.
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