Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivar tolerance to bromoxynil

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/5712m980x

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  • In onions, sensitive cultivars diminish the usefulness of the selective herbicide bromoxynil. Tolerant cultivars can overcome this limitation. A better understanding of the biochemistry, physiology and genetics of bromoxynil tolerance could lead to improved weed control programs in onions. Onion cultivar response to bromoxynil was studied under greenhouse conditions. Tolerant cultivars were identified using survival and fresh weight of surviving plants as indicator variables. Cultivars 'Utah Yellow Sweet Spanish' (YSS) and 'White Bermuda' were designated as tolerant and sensitive, respectively. Bromoxyml rates eliciting minimum and maximum responses in percent kill and fresh weight of the surviving plants were determined. Cultivar 'Winner' was identified as tolerant from the screening of cultivars with 5.0 kg ae/ha bromoxynil. Mechanisms that confer cultivar tolerance to bromoxynil in onions were studied by examining the effects of ethofumesate, piperonyl butoxide and hydrolysis of cyano ¹⁴C bromoxynil in Utah YSS and White Bermuda. Ethofumesate did not enhance bromoxynil phytotoxicity to Utah YSS. Piperonyl butoxide did not modify bromoxynil phytotoxicity to either Utah YSS or White Bermuda. Hydrolysis of cyano ¹⁴C bromoxynil in Utah YSS and White Bermuda yielded no significant differences in the amount of unextractable radioactivity from the plant residues or in the amount of 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile formed. Hydrolysis of the cyano moiety of bromoxynil occurs in both Utah YSS and White Bermuda. It is not the mechanism that confers tolerance to bromoxynil in the onion cultivar Utah YSS.
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