Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

The incidence of infection and decay caused by Heterobasidion annosum in managed second-growth noble fir on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Oregon

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  • Improved accessibility in remote noble fir (Abies procera Rehd.) stands and the realization of the value of noble fir wood have led to increased pressure to enter and actively manage noble fir stands in Oregon and Washington. This study examined the incidence of infection and decay caused by Heterobasidion annosum Bref. in two previously thinned and wounded noble fir stands. The project was designed to gain a better understanding of the biology and population structure of H. annosum on a little studied host, and ultimately to provide land managers with a means for reducing the incidence and severity of annosus root and butt rot. Data for the study were collected from two study sites on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation (WSIR), Oregon. Thirty potential crop trees per stand, both wounded and unwounded, were selected. Trees were sampled using the following techniques: 1) collection of basic tree data; 2) destructive tree dissections or non-destructive wood chip extraction with subsequent isolation analysis; and 3) thirty foot circular stump plots collecting pertinent stump data. Vegetative compatibility (VC) tests were conducted to analyze the clonal distribution of H. annosum within individual trees and ultimately to examine the relative importance of primary and secondary spread. Many VC groups were present in individual trees suggesting the importance of primary spore infection. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to analyze isozyme patterns and determine the intersterility group (biological species) of a subsample of H. annosum isolates recovered from live noble fir trees. All isolates belonged to the S type intersterility group. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine if tree, stump and wound variables were associated with H. annosum infection and decay. Results suggested that percent H. annosum infection increased as the total surface area of wounds below breast height and total tree height increased. Additionally, percent decay volume increased as the mean diameter of surrounding true fir stumps and mean wound age increased. The major conclusions of this study are as follows: 1) the incidence of H. annosum infection is high in thinned and wounded noble fir stands; 2) wounded trees are significantly more decayed than unwounded trees, however, the presence of H. annosum was not significantly associated with the presence of wounds and/or decay columns; 3) both wounds and stumps are involved in disease spread, and wounds may exacerbate the decay process; 4) decay volumes steadily increase with time; and 5) manager's should treat stumps with borax, or an equivalent protectant, and take measures to minimize wounding.
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