Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes associated with nutritional muscular dystrophy in selenium deficient lambs

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  • Thirty-six Suffolk ewes were randomly divided into two equal groups. One group received a selenium (Se) deficient diet, while the other diet contained sodium selenite at a level of 0.2 ppm Se in the total diet. All ewes were sampled for plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and whole blood Se at forty-day intervals for 160 days. The Se and GPx levels of lambs born to these ewes were determined at three and six weeks of age. Plasma creatine kinase (PCK) levels of lambs were determined weekly to monitor development of nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD). Surgical biopsies of semitendinosus muscle were taken from alternate legs of lambs at two-week intervals, commencing at two weeks of age. Muscle specimens were prepared for histologic, histochemical and electron microscopic examination. None of the Se supplemented lambs developed NMD, while 13 of 14 Se deficient lambs were affected. The earliest evidence of NMD was an elevated PCK, which preceded ultrastructural changes by two weeks, and histological and histochemical changes by four weeks. Early ultrastructural changes were characterized by swelling or condensation of mitochondria accompanied by swelling and fragmentation of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Subsequent ultrastructural changes included collapse of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, rupture of mitochondria, loss of myofi-brillar structure, and disruption of sarcomeres. Histochemical changes included reduced adenosine triphosphatase, reduced or enhanced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase, and hetero-genous periodic acid schiffs, stain reaction, as well as foci of enhanced acid phosphatase reaction. The histochemical and ultrastructural results indicated a mitochondrial defect as a basis for Se deficiency-induced NMD. Spontaneous recovery from NMD occurred in most lambs with complete remission of histologic, histochemical and ultrastructural abnormalities six weeks after peak PCK, except that some mitochondria remained swollen through the ten-week period following peak PCK. Two lambs with NMD were injected with sodium selenite. The nature of the recovery process in the muscles of these lambs paralleled non-injected lambs but was slightly accelerated.
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