Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Effects of chemical and physical agents upon the structure of Streptomyces griseus phage 514-3

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  • The problem investigated here is part of a larger project designed to study the nature and function of the fine structure of Streptomyces griseus phage 514-3. The aims of this portion of the project are to attempt to disrupt intact S. griseus phage by methods that reportedly disrupted T even coliphages; to select a tool to indicate the extent of the effect of the treatment; to provide an explanation of the nature of the disruption by comparing these results with those obtained for T even coliphages; and to look for structural detail using negatively stained phage preparations. Included among the methods tested were subjecting phage to various chemical agents, to various hydrogen ion concentrations, and to the physical forces involved in osmotic shock and rapid alternate freeze thaw cycles. The reaction of the phage to the treatments was measured by comparing the extent of damage to the infectious activity of the treated phage with that of the untreated phage. Results from these studies further indicate that S. griseus phage is unique among phages, for it is quite dissimilar from the T even coliphages. For example, because S. griseus phage does not appear to possess tail fibers or a contractile sheath, it closely resembles T1 or T5 coliphage, not the T even coliphages. Because it also has a very long, thin, nonrigid tail, it is highly unlikely that it infects its homologous host by the conventional method described for T even coliphages. Because it is activated by treatment with Tris buffer or by osmotic shock treatment with 3M MgSO₄ whereas T even coliphages are inactivated and because it is unaffected by osmotic shock treatments with concentrated sucrose solutions or with 3M NaC₂H₃O₂ whereas T even coliphages are inactivated the permeability of S. griseus phage's head membrane and hence its chemical composition must be different from that of the head membrane of T even coliphages. Finally, because PTA alone does not provide enough contrast for observation of the head membrane of S. griseus phage, this compositional difference is further substantiated.
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