Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Evaluation of emulsified asphalt for use in Saudi Arabia

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  • Saudi Arabia currently contains 31000 km (18600 mi) of paved roads and 42000 km (25200 mi) of agricultural roads, with the prospect of more roads to be constructed. The low population (6 million) compared to the large area of the country (2,253,300 km², 900,000 mi²) coupled with the high cost of crushed aggregate makes maintenance and road building costs very high. Local emulsified asphalt economics, plants, and uses were investigated in this study. Emulsified asphalt proved to be attractive when used for local road maintenance and road bases and low volume road construction, especially when used with dune sand and marl. Emulsified asphalts were evaluated for use with dune sand and marl and at two portland cement contents. Three types of emulsified asphalts were used which included locally produced, laboratory prepared, and Chevron U.S.A. emulsions. Emulsion treated mixes were tested for tensile strength, Poisson's ratio, resilient modulus, fatigue life, and rutting characteristics. Both diametral and beam fatigue tests were used and tests were conducted at 10°, 25 °, 40°, and 55°C (50°, 77°, 104° and 131°F). The open-graded mix was tested for fatigue characteristics using beam flexure with a confining membrane. Finite element methods were used to calculate beam bending moduli and the results were compared to beam equation results. These results together with local field experience were used to develop design charts for use of emulsions. The results indicated that emulsified asphalts can be produced locally at relatively low cost. It also indicated that emulsified asphalts have a high potential for stabilizing local sands and marginal aggregates at low cost, especially for low volume roads and road base construction. Stabilized materials provided satisfactory fatigue and rutting results. They can be utilized to produce satisfactory, reasonable, economical road sections.
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