Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Regeneration of salal : seedling establishment and the effects of overstory stand density on clonal morphology and expansion

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  • Regeneration of salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh.) in the Coast Range of western Oregon was examined over two growing seasons in a three part study consisting of seedling establishment, clone excavation, and population sampling experiments. The effects of study site location, overstory stand density, and substrate on seedling emergence and survival were tested. Additionally, the effects of overstory stand density on clonal morphology and expansion, and on stem and rhizome population productivity were tested. Results of the seedling establishment experiment showed that emergence, survival and seedling:seed ratios were significantly affected by study site location, overstory stand density, and substrate (p < 0.05). Establishment was found to be highest at Cascade Head, in thinned stands, and on rotten logs and stumps. First-year survival on logs was found to be significantly correlated with percent sky (p < 0.0001, r = 0.516). Overall, just 1.4 percent (± 1.4 SE) of the seeds sown became established. Second-year seedling heights averaged 2.4 cm (± 0.16 SE) but ranged up to 20 cm. The clone excavation experiment allowed description of clonal architecture and identification of three clone types termed "invader", "senescent", and "remnant". Results showed that vegetative expansion and clone size were negatively correlated with overstory density. Clones up to 218 m in total rhizome length were found in low density stands. Invader clones expanded rhizome systems 16.2 percent per year on average. Clones in dense stands were small and did not expand. Significance of regressions of clone characteristics on overstory density indices ranged from 0.001 to 0.94. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.027 to 0.894. Productivity of stem and rhizome populations were found to be negatively correlated with overstory density. Correlation coefficients for regressions of stem density, aboveground biomass, rhizome density and rhizome biomass on overstory density indices ranged from 0.584 to 0.944. Trends were consistent with previous findings for salal, as well as other species. Dynamics of salal regeneration with respect to forest succession were discussed.
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