Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation

 

Power function determination for sourness and time-intensity measurements of sourness and astringency for selected acids Public Deposited

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/6m311r96f

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  • Acids contribute important flavor characteristics to many foods and beverages. They occur naturally in these products, arise from fermentation processes, or can be added. Most acids taste sour. However, little is known about their time-intensity characteristics of sourness. This project was set forth to see if selected acids could be characterized, then differentiated according to their time-intensity parameters of sourness. Astringency was also evaluated since it seemed to be another common characteristic of the acids. Power functions were determined for the sourness to investigate the slopes of the individual acids and also to calculate equi-sour concentrations for the time-intensity study. It was found that the slopes of the acids: acetic, lactic, fumaric, fumaric-QD, citric, tartaric, and malic were not significantly different. However, hydrochloric acid with a slope value of 2.02 was significantly different than all of the other acids that had slope values of about 1.25. This study also showed that some panelists consistently responded differently to the sourness of the acids. The time-intensity studies showed that fumaric-QD and lactic acid differed from each other in maximum intensity, area under the curve, perimeter, and duration. Although hydrochloric acid was strong in its overall impact parameters, it elicited a short duration of sourness. The fruit acids - tartaric, malic, and citric - were not very different from one another in their sourness characteristics. For astringency, hydrochloric acid was the most different from all of the other acids mostly in the overall impact parameters. For the time-intensity studies, the acids were never significantly different in time to initial response and time to maximum intensity. However, these two parameters tended to be longer for the astringency response as compared to the sourness response which suggests that astringency occurs after sourness in the taste of acids. Astringency/sourness ratios were calculated based on area under the curve measurements and showed that hydrochloric and lactic acid has significantly higher ratios than all of the other acids indicating that lactic acid may also be an astringent acid. Correlation among the time-intensity parameters showed that the overall impact parameters correlated frequently with one another and occasionally with duration. Peak area and peak time also correlated often. Correlation between the sensory responses and the chemical indices showed that the maximum intensity, area under the curve, and perimeter correlated well with normality and PK[subscript a] for sourness. For astringency, high correlations were found between maximum intensity, area under the curve, and perimeter with pK[subscript a], number of carboxyl groups, and molarity. At level two, a strong relationship between pH and all other time-intensity parameters except time to maximum intensity and peak time is apparent. The principal component analysis for sourness showed significant separation of lactic and fumaric-QD in principal component one, and for astringency, hydrochloric acid was significantly separated from the other acids. Principal components two and three were not able to significantly differentiate the acids.
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