| Creator |
|
|---|
| Abstract or Summary |
- In an effort to restore summer flows in the Walla Walla River to provide passage
and habitat for ESA (endangered species act) listed bull and steelhead trout irrigation
districts left 13 cubic-feet-per-second (c.f.s) (0.37 m ³/s) in the main channel during
irrigation season (May-November) for the first time in over 100 years in 2000.
However, the water percolated from the surface within a short distance of the bypass
area. Agreement flows for 2001 and 2002 were 18 c.f.s. (0.51 m ³/s), and 25 c.f.s.
(0.71 m ³/s) respectively, with an average of 28.5 c.fs. (0.81 m ³/s) and 32.7 c.f.s (0.93
m ³/s) actually bypassed in 2001 and 2002 respectively. In 2001 the average loss was
15.1 c.f.s. (0.43 m ³/s), in 2002 the average loss was 22.3 c.f.s. (0.63 m ³/s). The ability
of the mainstem to carry flow is critical to restoring fish habitat and passage.
Two methods were used in conjunction to understand the interactions that occur
between the Walla Walla River and the underlying alluvial aquifer. The first method
was chemical signature work using naturally occurring anions in both the surface
water and groundwater. Groundwater has relatively high concentrations of anions
such as chloride and sulfate, compared to surface water. This allows for the use of a
mixing analysis approach which estimates the relative contributions of each of the
sources. Results indicate that the levied section of the river is primarily effluent in
nature, contributing water to the aquifer. It is also shown that below the levied
section the aquifer contributes to the river.
The second method was the use of stream bed temperature profiling devices.
These devices record the temperature of the stream bed material with time and depth.
Stream temperatures are well described by a sine wave pattern on a diurnal basis.
The amplitude of the diurnal stream temperature at depth below the streambed
decreases as a result of infiltration, and the signal is shifted in time. With these data
we determined the rate of infiltration from the surface water into the groundwater.
Analysis of the stream bed temperature at depth was done using sine wave fitting, and
numerical modeling with the software HYDRUS-2D. Infiltration estimates ranged
from 6 cm/day, to 308 cm/day. Extrapolating this point measurement to the levied
stretch from Nursery Bridge to Tumalum Bridge (3200 m) using the average width of the river (10 m) gives an estimate of flow loss of 0.3 m ³/s, using half the width of the
levy for area of infiltration estimates (25 m) gives an estimate of flow loss of 0.76
m3/s. These values compare favorably with manually measured in-stream flow losses
for 2002. The true area of infiltration (and thus in-stream flow loss) is most likely larger that the actual stream channel, and slightly smaller than half the width of the
levy. In addition it was observed that the permeability of the stream bed decreases by
a factor of 2 to 4 between the 19th of June and the 12th of November. The decrease in
time is to be expected in high energy gravel bed rivers due to sorting, sedimentary
and biological clogging during the months when the stream bed is not re-worked by
high flows.
|
|---|
| License |
|
|---|
| Resource Type |
|
|---|
| Date Available |
|
|---|
| Date Issued |
|
|---|
| Degree Level |
|
|---|
| Degree Name |
|
|---|
| Degree Field |
|
|---|
| Degree Grantor |
|
|---|
| Commencement Year |
|
|---|
| Advisor |
|
|---|
| Committee Member |
|
|---|
| Academic Affiliation |
|
|---|
| Non-Academic Affiliation |
|
|---|
| Subject |
|
|---|
| Rights Statement |
|
|---|
| Publisher |
|
|---|
| Peer Reviewed |
|
|---|
| Language |
|
|---|
| Digitization Specifications |
- File scanned at 300 ppi (Monochrome, 256 Grayscale, 24-bit Color) using Capture Perfect 3.0.82 on a Canon DR-9080C in PDF format. CVista PdfCompressor 4.0 was used for pdf compression and textual OCR.
|
|---|
| Replaces |
|
|---|
| Additional Information |
- description.provenance : Submitted by Erin Clark (ecscannerosu@gmail.com) on 2011-02-15T20:56:26ZNo. of bitstreams: 2raw temperature data.xls: 1312256 bytes, checksum: 687086c371aa202f9e19099f8911c73c (MD5)MetcalfBeckyElise2004.pdf: 6152823 bytes, checksum: a90bbfa4e3f4d0a0bf8087e58b2627a7 (MD5)
- description.provenance : Made available in DSpace on 2011-02-15T21:42:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2raw temperature data.xls: 1312256 bytes, checksum: 687086c371aa202f9e19099f8911c73c (MD5)MetcalfBeckyElise2004.pdf: 6152823 bytes, checksum: a90bbfa4e3f4d0a0bf8087e58b2627a7 (MD5)
- description.provenance : Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Black(patricia.black@oregonstate.edu) on 2011-02-15T21:41:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2raw temperature data.xls: 1312256 bytes, checksum: 687086c371aa202f9e19099f8911c73c (MD5)MetcalfBeckyElise2004.pdf: 6152823 bytes, checksum: a90bbfa4e3f4d0a0bf8087e58b2627a7 (MD5)
- description.provenance : Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Black(patricia.black@oregonstate.edu) on 2011-02-15T21:42:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2raw temperature data.xls: 1312256 bytes, checksum: 687086c371aa202f9e19099f8911c73c (MD5)MetcalfBeckyElise2004.pdf: 6152823 bytes, checksum: a90bbfa4e3f4d0a0bf8087e58b2627a7 (MD5)
|
|---|