Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Differential transmission of strawberry mottle virus by Chaetosiphon thomas Hille Ris Lambers and Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell)

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  • The transmission of strawberry mottle virus (SMV) to Fragaria vesca L. by Chaetosiphon thomasi and C. fragaefolii was studied to determine differences between the two species. Acquisition, inoculation, and retention phases of transmission were described. In all phases, C. fragaefolii was found to be the more efficient vector. Mean transmission rates for both species increased with increasing length of acquisition access period (AAP) reaching a plateau at 12 h. Maximum acquisition efficiency by C. thomasi was achieved after 3-h AAP, and after a 4-h AAP by C. fragaefolii. Transmission rates by C. fragaefolii were signficantly higher than corresponding rates by C. thomasi for most of the AAPs tested. Observed acquisition thresholds were 15 min for C. fragaefolii and 30 min for C. thomasi. Theoretical acquisition thresholds calculated from least squares regression models were 5 min for C. fragaefolii and 9 min for C. thomasi. Mean transmission rates for both species increased with increasing length of the inoculation access period (IAP) while C. thomasi plateaued after the 15-min IAP. Maximum inoculation efficiency by C. thomasi was achieved during a 15-min IAP, and during a 60-min IAP by C. fragaefolii. Transmission rates by C. fragaefolii were significantly higher for all IAPs tested. Observed inoculation thresholds were 7 min for both species. Theoretical inoculation thresholds calculated from least squares regression models were approximately the same for both species, 4 min. Mean transmission rates for both species decreased during successive hourly feeds. Chaetosiphon thomasi transmitted only during the 1st hourly feed, while C. fragaefolii transmitted during 3 successive hourly feeds. Theoretical retention of inoculativity, calculated from a least squares regression model was 4 h for C. fragaefolii. Differences in transmission rates were thought to be related to behavioral and physiological characteristics of each species. While C. thomasi tended to be a restless petiole feeder, C. fragaefolii was a sedentary leaf blade feeder. Test results also indicated that some individuals in the C. fragaefolii population may acquire and inoculate SMV more rapidly than others. Even though C. fragaefolii is a more efficient vector, it is believed that both species should be considered a collective threat to the Pacific Northwest strawberry industry.
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