Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Host preferences of green peach aphid and seasonal occurrence of weed hosts at key sites of aphid buildup

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  • Green peach aphid and associated weed populations were monitored continuously from April, 1978 to March, 1979 at three orchards and a drainage ditch. Aphid populations at all sites peaked in spring and declined in summer. Although natural enemies were most active during the period of peak aphid abundance, they were not numerous enough to account for population declines at all locations. Green peach aphid population trends appeared to be related to the abundance and quality of preferred host plants. Two common weed species in the Yakima area, Descurania sophia and Solanum sarachoides, were found to be highly preferred and significant sources of aphid buildup in spring and early summer. In the absence of highly preferred types and during periods of high population density, less preferred species were colonized. Laboratory studies of the green peach aphid's feeding preferences have shown an intrinsic preference for summer host plants as opposed to the winter host in all life stages investigated. In choice chamber tests involving comparisons between 12 common crop and weed species, cruciferous plants were most highly preferred. Solanaceous plants were somewhat less preferred. Observations of settling behavior in these tests revealed no evidence of attraction to preferred hosts. Initial arrival appeared to be at random, and the buildup of aphids on preferred hosts resulted from a lower rate of departure than from non-preferred hosts. Studies of the host selection behavior of green peach aphid have shown that aphids initiate probing more quickly, settle and feed more readily, and are less restless on preferred hosts. It was also found that the contents of the trichomes of Chenopodium album have no effect on the host selection behavior of this aphid, although the trichomes themselves may provide a physical barrier early in the life of the plant.
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