Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation

 

Analysis of postural dynamics in the dog Público Deposited

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/7m01bp60x

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  • A static analysis of quadruped biomechanics, combined with observations of longitudinal postural movement, has revealed important functional attributes of the postural control system. Since posture is an outward expression of central nervous system (CNS) behavior, these results may contribute to an understanding of integrative functions of the CNS. Beginning from a simple biomechanical model of the dog, the properties of the legs are examined to show how the end-reaction forces on a given foot can be controlled by the muscles in the corresponding leg. During quiet standing, the distribution of effort among the muscles can be modified by small body movements or by pushing horizontally with equal force at the anterior and posterior feet. A measured "bias force" of about 1/2 kg per foot indicates that the dog attempts to spread his feet longitudinally and thereby achieves a comfortable distribution of the effort required to stand. When the legs are used for horizontal thrusting the muscle tensions must be adjusted so that a coordinated movement will result. Certain problems of mechanical stability are reduced to a simple mathematical condition and a method is given to determine effective muscle action for producing horizontal thrusts without losing stability. Postural reactions of several trained dogs have been observed during and following abrupt longitudinal displacements of the supporting surface. The initial force response, which appeared to arise from sensory stimuli in each foot, was pulsatile and occurred before voluntary action could have developed. The "reflex like" character of this response lends support to current theory regarding "program" responses in motor control processes. The functional properties of the anterior and posterior limbs are separately examined in terms of the anatomical structure. The anterior limbs are clearly very stable and well suited for supporting weight whereas the less stable posterior limbs are highly agile and adapted for horizontal thrusting.
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