Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

A coupled hydrologic-geomorphic model for evaluating effects of vegetation change on watersheds

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/8910jw68s

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  • This work describes the modeling framework and initial results for CLAWS (Coupled Landscape And Water System), a physically-based, spatially-distributed hydrologicgeomorphic model that has been coupled with a vegetation dynamics simulation. Spatial variability of topography, soil, vegetation, and climate drive a hydrology module that calculates the water budget at given time steps and with a spatial resolution defined by digital elevation data. Important hydrologic processes, including snow accumulation and melt, interception, evapotranspiration, infiltration, subsurface flow, overland flow and channel flow routing are incorporated in CLAWS. The hydrology drives hillslope and channel geomorphic processes, including probability of mass movements (landslides, debris flows). Both the hydrologic and geomorphic modules are linked to forest growth simulation so that effects of changing forest stand structure in response to cutting or other disturbances through time can be examined. Dynamic integration of CLAWS with geographic information systems enhances model parameterization and result analyses. Calibration and testing of CLAWS from three small watersheds at HJ Andrews Experimental Forest in western Oregon shows that watershed hydrologic behavior and hillslope stability can be simulated accurately. The module for snow accumulation and melt has been tested using four years of point measurements of snow water equivalent and showed that this simple energy and mass balance model accurately simulated snow accumulation and melt processes. Application of CLAWS to land use management permits long-term simulations of effects of alternative forestry practices on hydrologic and geomorphic responses of watersheds. Results from Monte Carlo simulations in small watersheds in Western Oregon, show long-term effects of forest harvesting over 100 years, which are in agreement with long-term observations. Simulations show that 40 years is needed for watershed recovery to pre-clearcutting status with respect to old growth through an exponential trend and changes in watershed responses show strong seasonal and storm variations. Models such as CLAWS, that successfully incorporate hydrologic, geomorphic and forest dynamic processes into a single model, are an effective complement to traditional paired-watershed studies of hydrologic and geomorphic responses.
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file details Duan_Jinfan_1996.pdf 2017-08-01 Pubblico Scaricare