Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Relationship of Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) population density and yield of peppermint, Mentha piperita L.

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  • A root-lesion nematode, Pratvlenchus penetrans, was determined to be a major component of peppermint stand decline in Western Oregon. Regression analysis showed that P. penetrans root densities in August were negatively correlated (P=0.01) with yield, while soil densities in August and root and soil densities in April were poorly correlated with yield. Multiple regression analysis showed that soil texture, stand vigor, and nematode root densities accounted for 80% (R² =0.80) of yield variability. Additional parameters; ectoparsitic nematode densities, soil pH, soil bulk density, and soluble solids did not improve regression models. Seasonal population dynamics studies demonstrated that root population densities increased in late March and peaked in mid-May. Soil populations peaked in spring before root populations and in the fall as nematodes emigrated from senescent roots. Root and soil populations declined to lowest densities in late winter. Seasonal distribution studies indicated that populations did not migrate vertically and the recommended depth of 15-20 cm was adequate for sampling nematodes throughout the year. Greenhouse studies demonstrated that Murray Mitcham was most susceptible, Todd Mitcham was intermediate, and Black Mitcham was most tolerant to P. penetrans injury. Murray Mitcham supported lower nematode reproduction and exhibited greatest root necrosis. In a two-season study, Black and Todd Mitcham were not damaged during the first season, while Murray Mitcham plants exhibited significant top and root stunting. All cultivars were damaged during the second season. Soil texture modified population dynamics in greenhouse pot cultures. Nematode density increased faster in Camas gravelly sandy loam than in either Newberg loam or Cloquato silt loam. Plant top biomass was not influenced by soil texture and nematode inoculation. However, root biomass was significantly reduced with nematode-inoculated plants in the loam and gravelly sandy loam, but not in the silt loam. Carbamate nematicides were evaluated for managing P. penetrans damage of peppermint. Oxamyl at 0.6-16.5 kg a.i/ha produced significant yield responses. Early spring applications enhance plant growth, while fall and summer treatments were ineffective. Oxamyl applications of 1.1-2.2 kg a.i./ha 5 to 10 days before spring flaming are recommended. Management guidelines based on soil texture, stand vigor, and nematode densities were developed for oxamyl treatments.
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