Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Corn (Zea mays L.) yields as influenced by nitrogen, row spacing and intercropped ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)

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  • Two field corn experiments were conducted on a Woodburn silt loam soil near Corvallis, Oregon, in 1972-1973 to investigate the effects of certain soil management practices on the yield and performance of corn (Zea mays L.). Experiment I involved variables that included three corn row spacings (76, 114, and 152 cm) with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) interplanted at three different dates between the corn rows. Average dry matter corn yield of 17.6 m ton/ha obtained in the 76 cm spaced rows decreased by 16% as the row spacing increased to 114 cm. Increasing the row spacing from 114 to 152 cm did not affect corn yield. Corn yield was reduced when grass was interplanted in the widely spaced corn rows. A 35% corn plant yield decrease resulted when grass was planted on May 25 in the 152 cm wide corn rows as compared with the 76 cm row spacing. A further 15% reduction in corn yields occurred when ryegrass intercropped in the 152 cm rows was compared with yield from 76 cm rows which had no grass intercrop. Intercropping with ryegrass had no adverse effect on corn yield provided that such grasses were planted on July 24 or October 7 in the 76 cm spaced corn rows. Previous field history and the relatively high nitrogen taken up by the combined corn and grass crops suggested that the experimental area contained considerable residual soil nitrogen. Experiment II aimed at elucidating the effects of rate and method of applied nitrogen have on the yields from differently spaced corn. A 14% increase in dry matter yield of corn was obtained when row spacing was reduced from 91 to 61 cm. Moisture loss due to evaporation from the soil surface in the wide corn rows was higher than in the narrow spaced corn, Small dry matter corn yield increases were observed as nitrogen fertilizer rates increased from 140 to 196 Kg N/ha or from 196 to 252 Kg N/ha, respectively. The significant corn yield increase resulting from 252 Kg N/ha over the 140 Kg N/ha rates represented an 8% increase. No differences in corn yield were noted due to methods of nitrogen application.
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