Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Immune responses of salmonids : a) Oral immunization against Flexibacter columnaris : b) Effects of combining antigens in parenterally administered polyvalent vaccines

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  • Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were orally immunized against the bacterium Flexibacter columnaris (formerly Chondrococcus columnaris), the causative agent of columnaris disease in fish, with a vaccine-food preparation containing formalin-killed cells. Fish immunized for 1, 2, 3, and 4 months were challenged with selected concentrations of F. columnaris by exposure in water. Protection from F. columnaris was first detected among fish immunized for 3 months and exposed to the lowest level of challenge used (-0. 9 x 10⁵ cells/ml). All challenges of fish immunized for 4 months indicated that the vaccine had induced an immune response against columnaris disease. Two polyvalent vaccine studies were conducted to investigate the effect that combining of parenterally administered antigens had on immune responses of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Serum aglutinin titers were measured for indication of immune responses. In one study, formalin-killed cells of F. columnaris, Aeromonas salmonicida, and the causative agent (bacterium) of redmouth disease were mixed in all possible combinations and administered to different groups of fish. Responses of fish to antigens administered in the trivalent vaccine and the three divalent vaccines were monitored monthly for 3 months and compared with responses of fish injected with the corresponding monovalent vaccines. Comparisons indicated that responses to the combined antigens were not affected by either F. columnaris or the causative agent of redmouth disease. However, interference from A. salmonicida antigen suppressed responses to F. columnaris and the causative agent of redmouth disease. In the second study, formalin-killed cells of A. salmonicida, A. hydrophila, two strains of F. columnaris, and the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease were combined and injected into rainbow trout brookstock at the Oregon Wildlife Commission's Leaburg Trout Hatchery. Serum agglutinin titers of samples taken before vaccination and 3 and 12 months after vaccination were measured for each entigen. Excellent responses to A. salmonicida antigen and slight responses to the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease occurred. The fish did not respond to antigens of either strain of F. columnaris or A. hydrophila.
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