Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Effect of prepartum anionic supplementation on periparturient feed intake and behavior, health and milk production

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  • Our objectives were to determine if dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) and source of anions influence periparturient feed intake and milk production, and to characterize feeding behavior of dairy cattle during the transition period. Diets differed in DCAD (cationic or anionic) and anionic supplement (BioChlor®, Fermenten®, or anionic salts), and were Control (DCAD +20 meq/100 g DM), BioChlor® (DCAD -12 meq/100 g DM), Fermenten® (DCAD -10 meq/100 g DM), and Salts (DCAD -10 meq/100 g DM). Urine pH was lower for cows that consumed an anionic diet prepartum compared to control. Prepartum diet had no effect on prepartum DMI of multiparous or primiparous cows. Postpartum DMI and milk yield for multiparous cows fed anionic diets prepartum was greater compared to control. Postpartum dry matter intake and milk yield of primiparous cows was similar for prepartum diets. Feeding prepartum anionic diets did not affect plasma Ca at or near calving. Postpartum ß-hydroxybutyrate and nonesterified fatty acids were lower for primiparous cows fed prepartum anionic diets compared to control. Prepartum and postpartum plasma glucose concentrations were not affected by prepartum diet for all cows. Plasma cortisol concentrations were similar between parities during the prepartum and postpartum periods. Liver triglyceride differed for parity by day. Parities were similar at 21 d prepartum, but at 0 d and 21 d postpartum, levels were greater for cows. Feeding behavior was not altered by prepartum anionic diets. Prepartum and postpartum feeding rate was greater for multiparous cows, whereas prepartum daily meal time was greater for primiparous cows. Daily meal time, meal duration, feed intake and feed intake per meal decreased prepartum and increased postpartum. Feeding rate did not change prepartum, but decreased during the postpartum period. Results indicate that decreasing the DCAD of the diet during the prepartum period can increase postpartum DM1 and milk production of multiparous cows without negatively affecting performance of primiparous cows. In addition, depression in feed intake that occurs around the time of parturition coincides with a decrease in daily meal time. Therefore, strategies that increase feeding time during this critical period may be useful in increasing feed intake.
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