Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

The soil persistence and crop selectivity of 3, 6-dichloropicolinic acid

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  • Field studies were conducted in 1973 and 1974 to determine the soil persistence of the herbicide M-3785 (containing 0.5 lb a.e. Dowco 290 + 2.0 lb a.e. 214D/gallon). under cropping situations. Spring barley (Hordeum distichon L. 'Hannchen') was grown at Corvallis, Oregon and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Nugaines.') was planted at Pendleton, Oregon. Both the barley and the wheat were treated with M-3785 in the spring of 1973. The M-3785 treatments produced no significant reductions in grain yield from the check in either 1973 or 1974 Crops sensitive to Dowco 290 [peas (Pisum sativum L.), soybeans (Glycine max L. 'Merit'), and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)) were planted in the spring of 1974 to areas treated with M-3785 in 1973. The susceptible crops showed no signs of injury symptoms. Bioassays were conducted in growth chambers on soil samples collected 16 weeks, 8 weeks, 4 weeks, 2 weeks, 1 week, and immediately after spraying from the Corvallis field trial and on soil sprayed and stored in the greenhouse. Safflower was used as the bioassay crop. Safflower injury was visually detectable at a concentration of 0.0039 ppmw. Safflower was not injured when grown in soil collected in the field 16 weeks after treatment with M-3785. The greenhouse samples were still causing safflower injury at 8 weeks after treatment; however the 1/16 1/4 lb/A rate was causing much less injury at 8 weeks then at earlier sampling times. Several greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare the sensitivity of several crops to different rates of Dowco 290, M-3785, 214-D and dicamba applied as foliar sprays. Dowco 290 decreased growth more on broadleaf plants than on grasses. It caused growth reductions similar to those of dicamba and 2,4 -I) in several crops, but on some crops there were significant differences between the herbicides. Dowco 290 caused significantly less growth at lower rates of application on peas and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. 'DuPuits'). At theligher rates significantly less growth reduction was observed on sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L. 'SL9100363x2161)x SP6322-0') and watermelons (Citrullus lanatus [Thumb.] Mansf. 'Striped Klondike') when compared with 214-D and dicamba. The M-3785 treatments tended to cause more growth reduction than Dowco 290 or 2,4-D applied alone; however, this difference was usually not significant. M-3785 applied to winter wheat in the greenhouse caused greater growth reductions compared to 214-D applied alone. A field experiment was conducted to study the decreased growth of winter wheat growing under field conditions. No significant differences were found for the 1/16 + 1/4 lb/A rate. M -3785 at 1/8 + 1/2 lb/A caused a highly significant reduction in yield when com pared to Dowco 290 at 1/8 lb/A and 214D at 1/2 lb/A.
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