Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Suppression of yolk polypeptide gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster by sodium butyrate treatment

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  • Current evidence suggests that temporal regulation of gene expression in eucaryotic organisms relies primarily upon localized structural modifications of chromatin. One possible means of changing chromatin structure is through varying the level of acetylation of the histone proteins. Sodium butyrate has been found to inhibit the activity of histone deacetylase enzymes causing hyperacetylation of the histones. Butyrate treatment was used as a means of examining the role of chromatin structure in the hormonal regulation of the yolk polypeptide (YP) genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Treatment of newly eclosed adult females with doses of butyrate up to 50 mM did not significantly affect the quantity of YPs produced 24 hours after the treatment. Similarly, doses of 5 and 10 mM butyrate had no effect on YP production between 12 and 48 hours after treatment with butyrate. Mature adult female Drosophila, at maximal YP production, maintained normal production of YPs after treatment with butyrate at doses up to 50 mM. Doses greater than 50 mM sodium butyrate resulted in toxic effects, evidenced by increased morbidity, which were related to the molar concentration of sodium rather than to the molar concentration of butyrate. Adult males were more sensitive to the butyrate treatments than females since morbidity was about 30% in males treated with 50 mM butyrate compared to 10% for females at the same dose. The effects of the butyrate on females were transient since mated, butyrate treated females laid normal numbers of eggs which developed into normal offspring. When butyrate was administered concomitantly with either 20-hydroxyecdysone or a juvenile hormone analogue to female abdomens isolated from the anterior endocrine organs at eclosion, the hormonal stimulation of YP synthesis was not affected. This study, which found no detectable effect of butyrate on YP gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster, was more limited in scope than the majority of studies on preparations of other organisms which demonstrated marked alterations in the expression of specific genes following butyrate treatment. Therefore, a full characterization of the effects of butyrate on YP gene expression would require additional studies regarding the metabolism of butyrate by Drosophila, the effect of butyrate on the acetylation of core histones of Drosophila, and the effect of butyrate on transcription of the YP genes into messenger RNA.
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