Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Spectroscopy of biophysical, physiological and pathological responses of plant germplasm

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  • Imaging spectra of plant tissues yield considerable potential and useful information for basic studies and agriculture practice. We constructed an imaging spectrophotometer with spectral range from 400 nm to 1100 nm, which was used to study various physiological events of plant germplasm: location of bundle sheath and mesophyll cells in sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.); chlorophyll b deficiency of ornamental perennial grass (Millium effusum L. var. aureum); respiration rate of soybean roots (Glycine max Merr. var. Yuusuzumi); concentration of azosulfamide dye of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. var. Red Rome) flower buds; sucrose concentration and invertase activity in stems of hazel (Corylus avellana L. var. Barcelona); in vivo effects of a fungal pathogen {Pestalotiopsis microspora) and its phytotoxin in the foliage of the rare nutmeg (stinking) cedar or yew of Florida (Torreya taxifolia Am.) foliage; time course of water displacement by heavy water (deuterium oxide) in rossele (Jamaica sorrel, Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) leaves; water path estimation using mixtures of deuterium oxide. A novel algorithm was found to measure the estimated quantum yield image (Y¹). An imaging fluorometer based on this algorithm was constructed and tested for agriculture application: photoinhibition of photosynthesis, very early determination of freeze damage, herbicide effects and invasion by fungal pathogens in Scrofularia nodosa 'Variegata'. Excellent results were also obtained in testing four toxins: pestalopyrone, hydroxypestalopyrone, pestaloside, and triticone on three varieties (non soong, red sorrel, and altissima) on Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Triticone damage was still very obvious after 24 hours. Pestalopyrone effects disappear several hours after injection showing that photosynthetic function recovers rapidly from the pestalopyrone damage. Possibility of using chlorophyll protein complexes (CPX) in vivo for digital imaging storage, and the potential of the algorithm in remote sciences are also illustrated and discussed. Using optical correlation interferometry, a novel method for plant sciences, we imaged In vivo the z-direction, perpendicular to the leaf surface, through Tradescantia zebrina leaves. Non-invasively we: determined the number of major cell layers, followed the time sequence of decrease in depth of the cells z-axes after exposure of tissues to high salt, and observed disruption of cells caused by freezing and thawing.
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