Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Soil fertility investigations on soil solution composition and nutrition of sweet corn and onions

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  • Laboratory incubation studies and field studies with sweet corn and onions were undertaken to evaluate interactions of lime, phosphorus (P), and copper (Cu). Eight soils were incubated at a constant temperature of 21 °C with combinations of band placed monocalcium phosphate (MCP), ammonium sulfate (AmS), and copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSPH) fertilizers. After incubating one, three, or five weeks soil solution was removed by centrifugation from a core 3.0 cm in diameter centered on the fertilizer band. Soil solution Cu was decreased up to 8 fold when bands of AmS and CSPH contained MCP in 5 soils dominated by mineral colloids. Soil solution Cu was increased by these treatments on 3 soils dominated by organic colloids. Irrigated sweet corn field studies on a Willamette SiL with P treatments demonstrated an antagonism between banded P and leaf Cu concentration. Treatments receiving broadcast P did not show this antagonism. Depression of soil solution Cu concentration by MCP in the incubation studies, and the lack of effect of broadcast P on leaf Cu concentration leads to the conclusion that banded P causes the interaction. P-Cu interactions were not evident with onions grown on 2 soils of high organic colloid content. Lime increased yield, increased P uptake, and decreased P fertilizer requirements. A soil pH of 6 was adequate for sweet corn. Broadcast and banded P and P sources were also evaluated with sweet corn. Increasing the banded P rate from 33 to 76 kg P/ha usually increased leaf P concentrations and in most cases yield. Broadcast P was superior to banded P in one June 3 planting probably due to warm soil temperature. Diammonium phosphate (DAP), MCP, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and two TVA experimental urea phosphates (UP) were evaluated. MCP, DAP, and UP were equally effective in first year of experiments but the (UP) interacted differently with lime the second year. Applications of 11 kg Cu/ha as CSPH or 2 kg B/ha as Solubor resulted in increased leaf concentrations of Cu or B but not yield increases.
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