Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Propagation of the filbert, Corylus avellana L. by seedage and graftage

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  • The filbert is propagated by layerage and a faster method is needed to keep pace with the rapidly expanding industry and the demand for new cultivars. Propagation by seedage and graftage were the two methods selected for evaluation in the research. Seed experiments were initiated to identify optimum treatments for the uniform germination of dormant filbert seed. Grafting experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of plant growth regulators (PGR's) and temperature on the stimulation of cell division. Callusing trials were established by excising bark patches and determining the effect of PGR's and temperature on the callusing process. Gibberellic acid (GA₃) was a potent stimulator of germination of dormant filbert seeds. The effectiveness of GA₃ to stimulate seed germination decreased as time of preceeding dry storage increased. Gibberellic acid at 5 and 10 ppm was as effective as GA₃ 25 ppm in increasing total germination. Use of low GA₃ concentrations resulted in less injury to the epicotyl than concentrations above 25 ppm. Imbibition of seeds in GA₃ for 6, 12, or 24 hours was effective in significantly increasing germination over unimbibed (0-hr) seeds. Imbibition in ethephon at 25 or 50 ppm, or vacuum infiltration of GA₃ did not significantly increase germination compared to controls. Increased periods of dry storage did not diminish the effectiveness of seed stratification in germination of dormant filbert seeds. Once dormancy was induced germination was a function of stratification. Germination of seeds stratified 90 days at 5°C was significantly greater than for seeds stratified only 60 days. Filbert seed collected before normal nut drop on August 5, 12, and 19 were capable of germination following removal of the pericarp, but 90% of the seedlings developed growth distortions. Treatment with GA₃ reduced the frequency of such growth distortions in these seedlots. Grafted filbert scions produced more parenchyma (callus) than the stock and appeared to be more responsive to indolebutyric acid (IBA) application than the stock. While not always statistically significant, there was a trend towards increased tissue development on PGR-treated sides of graft unions as compared to control-treated sides. Application of IBA significantly increased the amounts of parenchyma, phloem, and xylem cells of both the stock and scion at 21°C. At 15°C, only the scion responded to PGR's and the response was much less. Gibberellic acid alone did not increase the production of any tissue type in filbert graft unions. Production of callus on filbert stems where patches of bark had been removed was significantly increased by both IBA and increased temperature.
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