Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Sequence determination and regional epidemiology of raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV)

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  • Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) is the sole member of the idaeovirus genus of plant viruses. It is a pollen-borne virus that economically impacts both red and black raspberries worldwide. Three strains of the bipartite RBDV have been reported. The common strain found in North America, South America, Australia, New Zealand and Europe and the resistance breaking strain found only in Europe are serologically indistinguishable while the black raspberry strain from North America is distinct. Resistance to RBDV is conferred by a single dominant gene, Bu. The resistance breaking strain is able to infect all raspberry cultivars containing the Bu loci. The sequence of a full-length clone of the common strain was determined and compared to the previously published sequence of the resistance breaking strain. Nucleotide homology between the two isolates was 97.6% for RNA 1 and 97.6% for RNA 2. Comparison of the predicted RNA 1 protein product of the two strains showed 97.9% homology. The predicted amino acid sequence of the movement protein and the coat protein from RNA 2 demonstrated 98.6% and 98.5% identity respectively. The differential rate of virus spread under field conditions in the Pacific Northwest was also investigated. The possibility of higher temperatures inhibiting virus infected pollen was explored by using in vitro germination and enzymatic staining procedures. Results from a two year study of virus-infected and virus-free raspberry pollen viability from both the Oregon and southern Washington region and the northern Washington and southern British Columbia region suggest temperature does not affect pollen germination or viability. Further studies were conducted to determine if a virus-degrading agent could be present on bee-stored raspberry pollen that becomes active only at higher temperatures. RBDV infected pollen from hives in northern Washington was collected and tested by ELISA after receiving either no heating or 32 hours of heating at 20, 30 or 40 C. Preliminary results indicate no such agent exists in red raspberry pollen from hives in the Pacific Northwest.
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