Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Relationship of boron to reproduction in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)

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  • Boron sprays produced fruit set increases in 'Barcelona' hazelnut orchards in 1984 and in 1985. The absolute fruit set was correlated with leaf B content but not with nut B. With relative fruit set (RFS), B content of nuts in May (r = 0.63**) was more strongly related to set than B content in leaves sampled at any time or in nuts collected on later dates. Amounts of B in young nuts increased 2-fold with B sprays, but unlike leaf values, differences disappeared by mid summer. Because fruit set increases were obtained in both seasons with B sprays on trees whose leaf values are currently considered excessive, as well as those considered optimal or deficient, guidelines for B recommendations need revision. Since B levels of nuts in May was related to RFS in 1985, B content in May nuts from unsprayed trees might be universally low for optimum nut development. This would indicate that annual sprays of 600 ppm B may be required during the 2nd week of May. Three nut disorders, brown stain (BS), nut shriveling and seedlessness were described. BS appeared on the shell the last week of June and continued to occur until mid-August. Internal tissues became brown and watery and kernels aborted. The incidence of BS was 12% in 1982, 45% in 1983, 6% in 1984, and 0.1% in 1985. Shriveling of nuts was severe in 1984 (33%) but not in 1985 (8%). The percentage of blanks also varied with year, i.e. from 6% to 16% in 1984 and 14% in 1985. Following B sprays there was a slight reduction in these disorders. Although low B content in pith tissues was negatively correlated with BS low B may be an effect rather than a cause of BS. Most B was partitioned in leaves early in the season whereas nuts and husks contained the highest amount of net B increase late in the season. Application of B in mid-May did not alter B partitioning in leaves, stems, nuts, and husks.
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