Abstract |
- Experiments were established on a Warden soil on Lower
Klamath Lake area to evaluate the effect of Mn and Cu, and Band
applications of ammonium sulfate on the uptake of micronutrients and
response from Mn and Cu applied for the production of small grain
crops.
Band application of ammonium sulfate gave higher barley yields
and Mn concentrations in barley leaves than broadcast application or
zero nitrogen treatments. Since an application of N as anhydrous
ammonia had been applied on all plots, it was assumed that the major
difference between the band and preplant broadcast application of
ammonium sulfate was to increase uptake of Mn.
Concentrations of Mn, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, K and P present in leaf
tissue were measured for barley, oats, wheat, and triticale at seedling,
tillering, boot, and flowering stages of growth. Band application
of ammonium sulfate increased Mn concentrations of barley leaves an average of 2.89, 2.02, 2.28, and 2.02 ppm, in comparison with
broadcast application of ammonium sulfate, at seedling, tillering,
boot, and flowering stages of growth, respectively. Mn and Cu applications
did not effect Mn concentrations found in the leaves. The
levels of Mn in leaf material of these crops decreased as the crops
matured. For example average Mn concentration of the barley leaves
was 15. 7, 13.9, 10. 4, and 9.0 ppm at seedling, tillering, boot, and
flowering stages of growth respectively.
Concentrations of other nutrients were not significantly affected
by the fertilizer treatments applied.
Concentrations of all nutrients measured changed as the crops
matured. Cu concentrations increased throughout the season; Cu
concentrations of barley leaves averaged 5.3 and 9. 9 ppm at seedling
and flowering stages of growth, respectively. Concentrations of Zn
and P increased until the tillering stage of growth, then decreased.
Zn concentrations of barley leaves were 31, 36, and 27 ppm, and P
concentrations were 0.32, 0. 49, and 0.29 percent at seedling, tillering,
and flowering stages of growth, respectively. Ca decreased
until the tillering, and Mg decreased until the boot stages of growth,
then both nutrients increased. Ca concentrations of barley leaves
were 0. 31, 0.29, 0.49, and 0. 75 percent, and Mg concentrations were
O. 33, O. 31, O. 26, and 0. 31 percent at seedling, tillering, boot, and
flowering stages of growth, respectively. K levels decreased until the boot stage of growth, then remained more or less the same. K
concentration of barley leaves decreased from 6.1 percent at seedling
stage to 2.2 percent at boot stage. The same general trend for
changes in nutrient concentrations were present for wheat, oats,
triticale, and barley.
Barley and triticale were more efficient in taking up Mn from
these soils than oats and wheat; Mn concentrations of the plant leaves
were 19.5, 17.0, 14.4 and 13.3 ppm at the seedling stage of growth
for triticale, barley, oats, and wheat, respectively. Cu concentrations
of oats were lower than those of the other species. At seedling
stage of growth, Cu contents of leaves were 5.4, 4.3, 5.5 and 5.3
ppm for barley, oats, wheat, and triticale, respectively. At flowering
stage of growth, however, wheat leaves had the lowest Cu Level with
6.7 ppm, and barley, oats, and triticale leaves had 9.8, 7.7, and
9.0 ppm Cu, respectively.
Differences in Zn and Mg concentrations among species were
variable with stage of growth. Barley and triticale generally had
higher Ca concentrations in their leaf material. There were no real
differences in K and P contents among species.
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