Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Low-velocity matter wave source for atom interferometry produced by Zeeman-tuned laser cooling and magneto-optic trapping

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  • A continuous, low-velocity, nearly monochromatic atomic beam is created using laser cooling and two-dimensional magneto-optic trapping. Rubidium atoms from an effusive oven are slowed and cooled using Zeeman-tuned slowing. The scattering force from a counter-propagating, frequency-stabilized diode laser beam is used to decelerate the thermal beam of atoms to a velocity of ~ 20 m/s. A spatially varying magnetic field is used to Zeeman shift the resonance frequency of the atom to compensate for the changing Doppler shift, thereby keeping the slowing atoms resonant with the fixed frequency laser. This slowing process also cools the beam of atoms to a temperature of a few Kelvin. The slow beam of atoms is loaded into a two-dimensional magneto-optic trap or atomic funnel. The atoms are trapped along the axis of the funnel and experience a molassestype damping force in all three spatial dimensions. By frequency shifting the laser beams used to make the trap, the atoms are ejected at a controllable velocity. The continuous matter-wave source has a controllable beam velocity in the range of 2 to 15 m/s, longitudinal and transverse temperatures of approximately 500 μK, and a flux of 3.4 x10⁹ atoms/s. At 10 m/s, the de Broglie wavelength of the beam is 0.5 nm. The spatial profile of the atomic beam was characterized 30 cm from the exit of the atomic funnel using a surface ionization detector. The low-velocity atomic beam is an ideal source for atom interferometry and a variety of applications in the field of atom optics.
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