Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Water partitioning and respiration activity of dormant grape buds

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/hd76s2229

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  • Dormancy of 'Pinot Noir' grapevines was characterized. Primary buds required ca 300 cumulative chilling hours (CCH) to initiate the transition from endodormancy to ecodormancy, which occurred in mid November. Additional chilling, up to 1000 CCH, improved budbreak. Changes in bud water content were estimated by gravimetric and spectroscopic methods. Total, intra-, and extracellular water were measured gravimetrically. The total water and the intracellular fraction increased during the ecodormant period. A method to evaluate bud water status by proton-nuclear magnetic resonance was developed. Grape buds present anisotropic behavior. Using this method, water content was partitioned into free and bound fractions. Free water was always larger than bound water. Furthermore, bound water reached its peak in January when ecodormant plants were exposed to colder temperatures. These results support former evidence that bound water is composed of one population with restricted mobility, and another in a transient state. Respiration pattern of overwintering buds was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. Endodormant buds decreased their respiration. In February, an increase in respiration, typical of the period preceding budbreak, was observed in ecodormant buds. Ecodormant and breaking buds were classified into four developmental stages. Those stages were: ecodormant, initial swelling, fully swollen, and broken buds. Isothermal experiments at 25°C were done to evaluate metabolic heat rate, CO₂ evolution rate, and metabolic efficiency. Also, buds were scanned from 1 to 60°C (7°C/hr) to estimate activation energy and Q₁₀ values. Metabolic heat rates were 5, 17, 28, and 29 μW/mg dw, respectively, for the four bud developmental stages listed above. In the same order, CO₂ evolution increased from 2 to 3, 6, and 7 /μW/mg dw. The efficiency of metabolism, however, decreased during the initial swelling stage. High apparent activation energy values for ecodormant and initial swelling buds showed that metabolism at those stages is slow, mostly because it is energetically expensive. As the buds developed, activation energy decreased, indicating a more favorable condition from a thermodynamic standpoint. Q₁₀ values demonstrated that grapevines are highly responsive to temperature. Water content and respiration activity are useful indicators of metabolic activity.
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file details GARDEAALFONSOA1992.pdf 2017-08-02 Público Descargar