Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Design and construction of an X-ray machine for lecture demonstration

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  • A design for an x-ray machine to be used as a visual aid for the instruction of x-ray theory and x-ray machine operation has been presented. From this design an x-ray machine was constructed and tested. Components used in an x-ray machine have been divided in to three sections; a component is included in one of the three sections depending on its function in the x-ray circuit. The three sections are Control Section 1, Control Section 2, and Generator Section. The circuit schematic used was divided into the three sections, drawn on poster board, and attached to the front of three display panels. Each poster board was covered with a sheet of one-eighth inch Plexiglass to provide mechanical and electrical protection to the poster board. The components were mounted on the reverse side of the three display panels behind their locations in the circuit schematic. Components were not permanently wired into one circuit, but were wired to banana jacks. Connection into a circuit was made by using patch cords with banana plugs on each end. This allows the wiring of one of several circuits by the instructor. The x-ray tube has been mounted in a box having one-thirty-second inch lead sheet on five sides to shield against scattered radiation. The primary beam has been shielded using one-quarter inch thick plate glass. Use of plate glass allows direct viewing of the x-ray tube. The operating kVp has been reduced from 76 kVp to 22 kVp by placing a 3:1 step-down transformer ahead of the primary of the high-tension transformer. This reduction of the kVp makes the use of plate glass to shield the primary beam feasible. It also allows the use of 1X2B vacuum tubes to rectify the kilovoltage. The exposure rate at the surface of the plate glass is less than 0.1 mR/hr at 22 kVp and 6 mA, the maximum operating kVp and mA of the x-ray machine. Leakage along the sides of the tube housing was also less than 0.1 mR/hr at the maximum kVp and mA.
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