Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Taxonomy and evolution of the Orthotyline genus Lopidea (Heteroptera: miridae)

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  • The genus Lopidea Uhler is revised for America north of Mexico. The relationship of Lopidea to other orthotyline genera is discussed and it is proposed that the genus Ilnacora Reuter is the sister group of Lopidea. Forty-eight species of Lopidea are recognized in North America, one of which is described as new. The following synonymies are created (junior names first): Lopidea navajo Knight = L. arizonae Knight; L. chelifer Knight = L. balli Knight; L. paddocki Knight and L. deserta Knight = L. bullata Knight; L. trispicata Knight = L. chandleri Moore; L. burkei Knight= L. confraterna (Gibson); L. arkansae Knight and L. biselli Knight = L. davisi Knight; L. denmani Knight and Schaffner= L. falcicula Knight; L. mohave Knight = L. garryae Knight; L. amorphae Knight and L. wisteriae Chandler= L. hesperus (Kirkaldy); L· marginalis (Reuter) = L. instabilis (Reuter); L. texana Knight, L. polingorum Knight and L. matamorensis Knight = L. major Knight; L. drakei Knight = L. marginata Uhler; L. phlogis Knight, L. petalostemi Knight and L. johnstoni Knight = L. minor Knight; Lopidea raineri Knight, Lopidea sculleni Knight, Lopidea rolfsi Knight and Lopidea wilcoxi Knight = Lopidea nigridia nigridia Uhler; Lopidea nigridea hirta Van Duzee, Lopidea usingeri Van Duzee, Lopidea discreta Van Duzee, Lopidea fallax Knight, Lopidea nicholi Knight, Lopidea yakima Knight, Lopidea audeni Knight, Lopidea eriogoni Knight, Lopidea calcaria Knight, Lopidea chamberlini Knight, Lop idea angustata Knight, Lop idea rubrofusca Knight and Lopidea flavicostata Knight and Schaffner = Lopidea nigridia aculeata Van Duzee; Lopidea medleri Akingbohungbe = Lopidea nigridia serica Knight Uhler; L. oregona Hsiao, L. calli Knight, L. knowltoni Knight, L. dawsoni Knight, L. utahensis Knight and L. yampae Knight = L. picta Knight; L. staphyleae sanguinea Knight = L.s. staphyleae Knight; L. taurula Knight, L. malvastri Knight, L. nevadensis Knight and L. fuscina Knight = L. taurina Van Duzee; L. stitti Knight and L. becki Knight = L. ute Knight. A sample of 16 speciation events derived from cladistic analyses suggests that vicariance can account for at least 50% of species generation in Lopidea. The frequency of sympatric host plant speciation may be as high as 30% and speciation by peripheral isolation has been rare if it has occurred at all.
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