Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Antagonistic properties of aquatic myxobacteria and pseudomonads

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  • Certain species of the orders Myxobacterales and Pseudo-monadales are well-known antagonists. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida have been reported to produce bacteriostatic and bactericidal substances. Among the myxobacteria there are various species which are known for their ability to produce lytic enzymes and antibiotics. Organisms from both of these groups of bacteria are known to occur in the aquatic habitat. During studies on the microbial flora of experimental streams, it was found, at times, that myxobacteria represented a significant proportion of the bacterial population. This suggested that either the environmental conditions favored the growth of these organisms specifically or that inhibiting substances were being produced by these bacteria which prevented the growth of other bacterial species. A number of non-fruiting,fresh-water myxobacterial isolates were found to produce antibiotic substances. This finding was of interest since the production of these substances by non-fruiting myxobacteria has not been previously reported. The antibiotic material had a fairly broad spectrum since it was capable of inhibiting the growth of a variety of different bacterial species. The inhibitory substance produced by one of the isolates was partially purified by ethanol precipitation. This antibiotic was found to be water soluble and heat stable. An association between P. fluorescens and certain aquatic myxobacterial isolates also was suggested from the bacteriological surveys of the experimental streams. One stream had a predominance of pseudomonads and very scant myxobacterial growth in comparison with the other five streams studied. It was therefore of interest to study the interrelationship between these two groups of bacteria. Mixed culture studies showed that myxobacterial growth was markedly inhibited by the presence of certain pseudo-monads. A crude toxic preparation was obtained from one of the pseudomonad isolates. This material was found to exert a bacteriostatic effect on certain myxobacteria. The substance was also inhibitory for Sarcina lutea and Bacillus cereus. The crude toxin was found to be heat stable, water soluble and dialysable.
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