Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation

 

Evaluation of low quality roughages and agricultural by-products as livestock feed Public Deposited

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/jq085p666

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  • Nine feeding trials and four laboratory scale experiments were conducted in this study. The study consisted of: (1) use of grass straw:corn juice (CJ) silages with fishmeal and/or alfalfa hay supplementation in beef heifers, sheep, pregnant dairy heifers, water buffaloes and Hereford cows; (2) use of cull onions:grass straw silages in sheep and their laboratory scale evaluation; and (3) evaluation of yucca extract (Deodorase) as a supplement in cattle and rabbits feeds for improving utilization of low-quality roughage-based diets. The straw:corn juice (CJ) silages proved to be similar to medium quality grass hay in terms of weight gain and feed efficiency (FE). Use of ammoniated straw:CJ silages proved even better than grass hay, and with fishmeal (FM) and/or alfalfa hay supplementation further improved their feeding value. Digestibility of ammoniated fescue straw:CJ silage was higher than grass hay in sheep. The digestibility of ryegrass straw:CJ silage was significantly higher in water buffaloes vs Hereford cows. In dairy heifers the FE of this silage plus 125 g FM per head per day (SA) was similar to grass hay and it was better in SA compared to simple silage (S). Post-partum milk production and composition did not differ among 3 treatments. In cull onions:grass straw silages (laboratory scale), use of 0.1% raw soybean (RSB) in urea treatment, significantly improved CP and OM content. In other two experiments, CP was significantly higher in straw:onion silages treated with 3% urea than non-treated straw:onion silages, and higher in 5% urea treated vs 3% urea treated silages. The IVDMD was significantly lower in control than 3% and 5% urea treated silages. Feeding of onion:straw silage to sheep resulted in weight loss and supplementation with alfalfa pellets did not stop weight loss, and blood packed cell volume decreased from 40% to 34% after feeding onion:straw silage. Spraying of corn juice on straws did not give much improvement except that CP contents of straws sprayed with CJ mixed with 3% urea were significantly higher than plain CJ sprayed straws. In cattle and rabbits diets, use of yucca extract (YE) improved weight gain and reduced rumen ammonia-N, plasma ammonia-N and plasma urea-N levels in most of the cases especially the feeds containing urea. These results indicate that grass straw and corn juice can be successfully ensiled and can serve as substitute for medium quality grass hay on nutritional grounds. Use of ammoniated straw:CJ silage or supplementation with small quantity of FM and/or alfalfa hay has even better feeding performance than grass hay. The straw and cull onions can also be ensiled successfully. Use of YE as supplement to high-roughage diets with urea can improve ADG and FE and reduce rumen ammonia-N and plasma urea-N and thus improve N metabolism in cattle and rabbits.
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