Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Influence of genetic factors and pollination on fruit firmness in parthenocarpic and nonparthenocarpic pickling cucumbers

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  • A concern which has restricted the use of parthenocarpic pickling cucumbers in the United States has been firmness of fruit processed by brining. Fruit firmness and defects of parthenocarpic and nonparthenocarpic pickling cucumbers were evaluated in 1992 and 1993. Fruits were produced with or without pollination by growing plants with or without floating row covers to exclude pollen vectors. Parthenocarpic cultigens grown with row covers were not significantly different from nonparthenocarpic cultigens grown without row covers for fresh fruit firmness in both years. Processed fruit firmness was similar in 1992, but less for parthenocarpic cultigens in 1993. Combining ability of a parthenocarpic and nonparthenocarpic set of parents for fruit firmness and related morphological characteristics were investigated using a factorial mating design. General combining ability was greater than specific combining ability for all traits of fresh and most traits of processed fruit, indicating primarily additive inheritance. Fruit, mesocarp, and endocarp firmness, length, and length:diameter ratio were positively correlated phenotypically and genetically. Seed cavity diameter and seed cavity:fruit diameter ratio were positively correlated phenotypically and genetically, but negatively correlated to all other traits. Generation means analysis was used to determine the relative importance of genetic effects in the inheritance of fruit and mesocarp firmness in crosses between parthenocarpic and nonparthenocarpic pickling cucumbers. The primary genetic effects in crosses between parents with extreme differences for firmness were additive. Epistatic effects were also detected, but the nature of these effects could not be determined because the generations required for such analyses were unavailable. One parental inbred line was evaluated as a potential donor of favorable alleles for improvement of firmness using several statistics and was not a source. The endogenous calcium concentration of cucumber tissue influences tissue softening and effectiveness of calcium applications for firmness retention during processing. Genetic differences for fruit calcium concentration in cultigens which differ in fruit firmness were investigated. Cultigens were not different in fruit calcium concentration, thus a relationship between fruit calcium concentration and fruit tissue firmness among cultigens was not shown.
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file details COOKKEVINL1996.pdf 2017-08-19 Pubblico Scaricare