Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

The Effects of Layered Differences in Hydraulic Conductivity of Groundwater : An Estimation of Residence Time for Solute Transport

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  • In order to determine how contaminants from pharmaceutical, agriculture, and industry will move through groundwater systems, it is imperative to further our understanding of the relationship between physical, biological, and chemical properties of aquifers and transport and transformation of these products. Several studies have explored how heterogeneities in groundwater systems affect the flow and subsequent transport of solute at regional, intermediate, and local basin scales. This study expands on these studies to investigate the effects of vertically stratified differences in hydraulic conductivity on solute transport. A simple basin geometry was modeled using the finite element method. Ratios of hydraulic conductivity between the vertically stratified layers of 1, 2, 10, and 100 were simulated. In order to estimate an average residence time for the system as a whole as well as for each layer, a System Time Method was derived. This new method can be carried out a priori (relative to numerical modeling) and also allows the comparison of relative early or late time solute transport for different cases of vertically stratified hydraulic conductivity values. A method for estimating residence times in each layer also results in the ability to perform an approximation for the level of solute consumption. The simulations of a simple basin model that were carried out in this thesis provide an initial validation of the System Time Method.
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