Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Finite Element Modeling Approach Applied to Wave Structure Interaction: Effects of Shielding, Channeling, and Wall Removal

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/n009w823b

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  • The impact of tsunamis on coastal structures gained great a new impetus following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. While several experimental programs have been performed to gain a fundamental understanding, numerical models are needed to study additional features that cannot all be tested in a laboratory setting. In this dissertation, a computational fluid dynamic modeling approach that makes use of the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian finite element method is proposed and validated to simulate fluid-structure interaction of tsunami flow on building structures. The modeling approach is first validated using results from an experimental program carried out on the Large Wave Flume at Oregon State University. The testing program consisted of subjecting an elevated steel structure to three types of tsunami-like waves (non-breaking, impulsive breaking, and broken wave or bore). In addition, flow constrictions were considered by placing rigid blocks in the waterway near the elevated steel structure to study the ability of the modeling approach to capture complex three-dimensional flow channeling and shielding effects. The numerical modeling approach was validated in terms of important hazard and loading intensity measures such as water free-surface elevation, water velocity, as well as pressures and forces measured on the elevated structure. Validation also included studying the sensitivity of the numerical model results to changes in the modeling parameters, through a detailed correlation study between the numerical model and the experimental results. The model used to validate the second part of the experiment after adding shielding in front of the elevated structure. The shielding consists of a concrete block placed in the waterway. The finite element model proved to be able to capture the 3D effects of the water waves as well as capturing excellent representations of the exerted horizontal and vertical pressures and forces. In the final part of the thesis, the numerical modeling approach was used to perform a fully coupled fluid-structure interaction wave loading analysis on a steel building. The building was designed explicitly to seismic and tsunami forces following ASCE 7-16 for a site located in Seaside, Oregon, which is on the northern end of the coast of the State of Oregon, USA. The results from the fluid-structure interaction analysis indicate that the ASCE 7-16 loading was found to underestimate the forces by 14%. In addition, several scenarios of breakaway walls were considered to evaluate the effect of building openings on overall base shear as well as shear in lateral force resisting structural frames. Results indicate that even though the base shear does decrease with increasing area of breakaway walls that are considered to fail, the forces on lateral force resisting systems may show increases, especially when unsymmetrical loading causes torsion in the building response.
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  • Pending Publication
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  • 2020-06-19 to 2021-07-20

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