In the spring and summer of 1973 and 1974 a study of
habitat utilization by pileated woodpeckers (DryocoPus
pileatus picinus) was conducted on the Starkey Experimental
Forest and Range in the Blue Mountains of northeastern
Oregon.
Pileated woodpeckers are dependent on a forest habitat
for feeding and nesting. The alteration of this habitat
through intensive timber management is detrimental
to the species, particularly because of the elimination
of dead wood, both standing and downed.
Nests were excavated in large ( >58 cm dbh), tall
(>12m), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and larch
(Larix occidentalis) snags in areas with mean densities of 494 stems and 50 snags per ha. These nest trees were
in forest sites containing the highest densities of stems
and snags found on the study area.
Pileated woodpeckers fed primarily in dead wood in
snags, logs, and naturally created stumps. Feeding occurred
in a variety of tree species of various sizes and
physical characteristics. Forest sites containing the
highest densities of stems and snags on the study area
were preferred by the pileated woodpecker for feeding.
In 1974, there were at least 13 pairs of pileated
woodpeckers on the 11,400 ha study area. This translated
to 665 ha of forested habitat per pair. During spring
and summer, nesting territories were estimated at 250 to
500 ha.
The critical components in pileated woodpecker habitat
are: snags, particularly large snags, logs, large
trees, diseased trees, dense timber, and high densities
of snags. The requisite attributes of size, density,
and decadent trees are most common in mature uncut
forests. These elements can be maintained at a satisfactory
level with moderate modifications of current
forest management practices.
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