Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Comparative values of liver nicotinamide nucleotide coenzymes, endocrine glands, and their relationships with production traits of diallel crossed beef bulls

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  • This investigation for the first time reports information on the correlation of various forms and ratios of nicotinamide nucleotide coenzymes in the liver tissue and endocrine glands weight with various production traits. Fifty-five inbred and line cross beef bulls raised under standard management conditions and slaughtered at 1000 lbs. body weight were used in the study. Fluorometeric determinations of the nicotinamide nucleotide coenzymes showed that NADH was present in lower concentration per gram of frozen liver tissue than NAD⁺ while the concentration of NADP⁺ was lower than NADPH per gram of frozen liver tissue. All forms of coenzymes showed a positive significant correlation with age (at 1000 lbs. body weight) and percent fat in the body. The coenzymes in the meantime also showed a significant negative correlation with percent lean in the carcass. Thyroid gland weight also showed a negative correlation with age, percent fat in the carcass and all the coenzymes which were positively associated with age and percent fat in the carcass. Thyroid gland weight was positively correlated with the NADP⁺/NADPH ratio since this ratio had a negative association with percent fat in the carcass. There was a positive correlation of thyroid weight with the NADP⁺/NADPH ratio. The latter ratio showed a significant positive association with feed per unit gain. Feed per unit gain, in the meantime, was positively associated with NADP⁺ and negatively associated with NAD⁺, percent lean in the carcass and gain per day. As age at 1000 lbs. body weight increases, the amount of thyroid tissue at 1000 lbs. body weight decreases and simultaneously feed per unit gain and percent fat in the carcass increases while percent lean and gain per day decreases. No significant correlation of any kind was observed between pituitary gland weight and production traits. This was attributed to the involvement of this gland with various hormones that may have antagonistic inducing action on these coenzymes. Evidence obtained, however, indicates both hormones (STH and TSH) increases percent lean, water content and gain per day and decreases percent fat in the carcass. Based on this evidence a model for the action of these hormones was presented. Inbreeding showed a negative significant correlation with percent lean in the carcass. In the meantime inbreeding was positively associated with total coenzymes (NAD⁺ + NADP⁺, NADH + NADPH). These coenzymes all have a significant negative correlation with percent lean in the carcass. Heterozygosity, therefore, seems to have a heterotic effect on growth as it increases percent lean in the carcass whereas it shows a negative heterotic effect on coenzyme concentration in liver tissue. This seems proper since the above coenzymes have a significant negative correlation with percent lean in the carcass. High percent lean and low coenzyme levels were characteristics associated with the line crosses while the opposite was true of inbred animals. Lines and line crosses showed statistically significant differences in coenzymes and production traits. This trend was also true for the average of parents compared with their offspring. Although statistically significant differences were not obtained when all inbreds of 17 and 21 percent inbreeding were compared with line crosses, a trend indicating higher gain per day, lower feed per unit gain and lower coenzyme levels, was noted in the line crosses. Diallel analysis showed no general combining ability for either the coenzymes or production traits. Specific combining ability and reciprocal effects were shown to exist for various coenzymes and production traits.
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